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Random Number Generation (RNG), cards drawn, and the 'Deuces' or '2s'

mickeycrimm wrote:

Harry, I don't know everything. I'm an amateur mathematican and still
learning tricks. I've been a pirate of other people's math tricks as
relates to a 52 card deck for a long time.

You know that I'm just giving you a gentle poke in the ribs :wink: The
beauty of "card math" is that most problems require little more than
8th grade arithmetic skills -- the challenge is all in structuring the
problem so that it can be readily cracked. Toss in a few carefully
chosen words like "variance" or "sigma" and you can fool some people
into thinking that it takes an advanced degree to tackle the math.

- H.

> 4x48x47x46x45 divided by 24 (which is 4 factorial, 4x3x2x1)

=778,320.

> As long as I did the math right this is how many combinations

that

> contain a single deuce out of the 2,598,960 combinations that one

can

> be dealt on the initial deal. By dividing 2,598,960 by 778,320

the

> result is seeing a single deuce on the flop an average of every

3.4

> deals.

Let's push it even further. How often would we see a hand that
contains two deuces on the flop?

Six combinations make a pair of deuces. Any one of four times any

one

of three divided by 2 factorial (4x3 divided by 2x1) = 6.

So the equation is 6x48x47x46 divided by 3 factorial(3x2x1) =

103,776

combinations. 2,598,960 divided by 103,776 = 25.04. So we'll see

two

deuces on the flop about every 25 games.

How often will we see three deuces on the flop? There are four
combinations that make three deuces. Any one of four times any one

of

three times any one of two divided by 3 factorial (4x3x2 divided by
3x2x1) = 4

So the equation is 4x48x47 divided by 2 factorial (2x1) = 4224
combinations. 2,598,960 divided by 4,224 = 615.28. So we'll see

three

deuces on the flop about every 615 games.

How often will we see four deuces on the flop? One combination

makes 4

deuces. Any one of four times any one of three times any one of

two

times any one of one. So the equation is 1x48. 2,598,960 divided

by

48 = 54,145. We'll be dealt four deuces every 54,145 games.

So now let's add some combination up-

Combinations containing one deuce, 778,320, plus combinations
containing two deuces, 103,776 = 882,096. 2,598,960 divided by
882,096 = 2.95. So we're gonna see a hand containing either one or

two

deuces about every three hands we're dealt.

Adding in the rest of the combinations has a negligible effect.

We'll

see a hand containing one or more deuces every 2.93
deals.
                         
If one were seeing deuces at twice the rate of the true odds they

would

have to see one deuce or more in two out of every three hands
dealt.

Thanks Brian, for the confirmation and thanks, Harry. Now, I must
admit a little boo boo. It's statistically insignificant overall but
a mistake nonetheless. After Harry gave me the clue about non-deuce
hands I went straight to the calculator and punched in 48x47x46x45x44
divided by 120 (5 factorial) and came up with 1,712,304 combinations
that do not contain a deuce. I then subtracted that number from
2,598,960 for 886,656 combinations that contain one or more deuces.

So then I went to my work above and totaled the combinations. It
came to just 886,368. I knew I had made a mistake somewhere. So I
found it in the hands that contain three deuces. I got the equation
right 4x48x47 but punched it into the calculator as 4x48x44. So I
got the number of combinations wrong. It should be 4512 instead of
4224, a difference of 288 combinations and the chances of getting
three deuces on the flop is 576 instead of 615.

So I then added 288 more combinations to 886,368 for a total of
886,656. Adding this number to 1,712,304 hands that don't contain a
deuce totals to 2,598,960. So now we're johnny on the spot.

Incidentally, Harry, I'm living proof that 8th grade math works.
That was the last time I took a math class. Good luck.

···

--- In vpFREE@yahoogroups.com, "mickeycrimm" <mickeycrimm@...> wrote:

--- In vpFREE@yahoogroups.com, "mickeycrimm" <mickeycrimm@> wrote:

4) Manual (hand) shuffling is known to produce an uneven distribution of cards with
correlations from shuffle to shuffle. People have developed techniques to profit from this
"unrandomness" (though more precisely it is not the randomness itself, bur rather the
distribution, correlations, and lack of randomness), and I either know of people who use
these techniques or have used them myself.

If this is one of the three out of four that are true, then I would be interested in learning more
about these techniques.

Jackie

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

···

----- Original Message -----
From: cdfsrule
To: vpFREE@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, December 10, 2007 7:12 PM
Subject: [vpFREE] Re: Random Number Generation (RNG), cards drawn, and the 'Deuces' or '2s'