Valerie Pollard wrote:
Bill wrote,
"I have answered this a number of times, including after that
posting.
In a nutshell, when the deal button is pressed the RNG selects 1
card. It then selects 4 more. While you are deciding what to do it
continues to select numbers (between 1 and 52) and discard them.
When you press the Draw button it selects any needed cards 1 at a
time.
Some of the things you've been told were true 20 years ago but have
not been for over 10."
Thank you, Bill.
Valerie
Valerie,
I'll offer up a bit more. I imagine that for someone (perhaps
yourself) with your curiosity this will raise questions about exactly
what an RNG is and how it functions. What makes it random? If it
isn't random, what prevents it from being manipulated? (how might it
be manipulated?)
Here's the essence of an RNG. It doesn't describe exactly the RNG
within a vp machine ... but all such RNG's operate on similar mechanisms.
First, it's rare that a machine will have a true RNG. Such a device
is only random if it's based upon a natural random phenomenon -- say
atmospheric noise (lightning discharges and such). For highly
sensitive scientific purposes, there are such devices. There's even
an internet service that relays such info.
But for general purposes, applications rely upon pseudo-random number
generators (pRNG). These take advantage mathematical calculations
which generate a series of numbers having no outward order or
discernible "non-randomness" (there are very precise statistical tests
for this) over a limited (lengthy) period of time, yet that over the
very long haul actually repeat themselves.
···
------
Here's a hypothetical means by which to generate such a series. You
start with an 8 digit number and square it. Take the resulting 16 or
17 digit number and select the 8 most-centered digits. Those digits
run 1-99,999,999. Divide the result by 100 million. You now get
distinct values between 0 and 1.
We want to use this fractional number to generate a value between 1
and 52 (add additional values for one or more Jokers in the deck).
Multiply the fractional value by 52, and round the result up to the
next integer. This produces a value between 1 and 52, which we then
can translate into a specific card value for the deal or draw.
When everything is said and done, take the final 8 digit number,
square it again, and proceed to produce the next card value.
------
The "randomness" of the above method hinges on the fact that in
selecting center-most digits, it's near impossible to infer back to
the 16/17 digit number that yielded them. Further, because the digits
from the multiplication of two 8 digit number are so diverse, you look
for no discernible pattern in the sequence of final 8 digit numbers.
(And, even if you should, you have little if any way of mapping the
final cards back to those final 8 digit numbers).
Things are randomized further by keeping the pRNG running non-stop
between the deal/draw. Values are repeatedly generated and thrown
away until one is needed to identify a card for the deal/draw.
------
But the truth is that if you knew the original 8-digit number used to
start the sequence (referred to as a "seed"), you could identify each
value that would successively be produced by the pRNG. For this
reason, the seed is varied with each machine start. Perhaps by using
the digits representing the current date and time (including
fractional seconds).
------
There's an anecdote of a small Canadian casino (I believe) that seeded
it's machines with a fixed value at each machine startup, and for
which the RNG didn't cycle between plays. The consequence was that
the same combinations were displayed for each play in succession from
the machine start up.
If I recall the gist of the story correctly, someone discerned these
facts and played through a period of play at minimum bet, starting
from when the casino opened it's door, carefully noting each result.
They came back another day, at opening, and varied their wager so that
they were at max-bet only on winning combinations. (In this case, I
believe a slot machine was at hand, but don't recall for sure.)
------
You can look for the pRNG's employed in vp and slot machines to be
more robust (complex) than what I've outlined, but the gist is the same.
I'll also guarantee that companies such as IGT employ very substantial
safeguards to ensure that it's near impossible to tamper with the code
employed within the machine.
If I understand things correctly, the manufacturers allow the state
casino commissions to tap into the sequence of random numbers
generated, so that using their own equipment they can confirm via
statistical tests the random approximation of values generated by the
pRNG -- ensuring that the pRNG isn't skewed in a manner that is biased
against the player.
------
As a side note, there's always room to speculate a casino might be
motivated to tamper with (gaffe) a machine. But it should be
recognized that the third parties involved (the manufacturer, in
particular) have strong motivation to make such tampering as difficult
as possible, if not impossible.
Couple this with the fact that with a situation that weighs so
strongly in the casino's favor (it takes an idiot to lose money), the
risk of discovery outweighs potential benefit. (Count on their being
some disgruntled insider blabbermouth to spill the beans eventually.)
All of this is to say that there's every reason to consider the
possibility that you might play a gaffed game an incredibly remote
possibility. (This may not apply to you, Valerie, but the suggestion
of this is raised frequently.)
I find the possibility so remote that consideration of such
possibility merely represents a distraction from what's important to
focus on in vp play. With hard bucks at stake, and a subject matter
that takes immense discipline to get one's hands around with precision
(not just strategy, but management of bankroll, play opportunities,
etc), I don't allow myself the luxury of that distraction.
Bottom line, if I had any suspicions that clouded my play confidence
with any repetition, I'd refuse to play in the casino in question (or
altogether, if not limited to one casino).
- Harry