Don the Dentist wrote:
My thoughts are you should always try and double. Assuming a fair
game (seems reasonable), half the time you will win $2000 and half
the time you would win $500. This averages out to $1,250...which is
better than the $1000 if you just walk away.
Any flaws in my logic?
Bob Sommer replied:
What ever happened to "A bird in the hand............." I would
take the $1,000 and run. It reminds me of Let's Make A Deal. You
give back the car for a pick of doors and wind up with a dozen pogo
sticks.
No flaws in your logic, Don, but deep flaws in Bob's. Making the
simple assumption that you don't desperately need the $1000, and
can't stomach receiving only $500 instead--like perhaps you were
$800 short of the amount to pay for critical bypass surgery--then
the "EV" of trying to double up is indeed +$250. To look at it the
opposite way, refusing the double-up opportunity is tantamount to
THROWING AWAY $250.
If you revised the numbers so that they were 1,000,000 and 2,000,000
dollars, then I doubt that anyone other than a multimillionaire
would take the proposition. If fact, no one except the
multimillionaire SHOULD take it. Conversely, the multimillionaire
DEFINITELY should take the chance.
So what happened to a "bird in the hand"? It depends on whether the
person with the bird needs to kill and eat that bird to keep from
starving to death. Conversely, he could realize that one bird is not
enough to feed himself (or his starving family) and therefore it's
worth the risk to try for the bigger payoff.
This has relevance to VP and gambling in general. Any wager or
series of wagers has to be considered in terms of risk vs. reward. A
positive EV wager should be made ONLY if the risk is tolerable AND
the reward is sufficient to justify that risk.
Consider the case of a very rich man offering you a million dollars
to take a six-chamber pistol, put in one bullet, spin the barrel,
and then point the gun at your head and pull the trigger--once. If
you survive, you get a million dollars. Most people would never take
this proposition, but some would--those who are sufficiently
desperate; those who feel their financial situation makes life not
worth living, etc. This rather extreme example illustrates that
there are thresholds of risk and reward for everyone. As above, a
condemned criminal with a week to go before his scheduled execution
would probably jump at the "game" if the prize was a pardon and
freedom, even if you put FIVE bullets in the gun.
Back to the original question, it's clear that you should take the
double-up proposition, given the parameters of the game you related,
and given that you don't desperately need ALL of the $1000 (i.e.
losing $500 of it would be a catastrophe).